I turn
ambiguity
into flow,
at scale.

Meta WhatsApp Walmart
Emma Gu
Marketing message liquidity
Meta

Marketing message liquidity

View work
Partnership message
Meta

Partnership Ad
Parity

View work
Walmart Seller Center
Walmart

Seller Center
Homepage

View work

About

A product designer based in the Bay Area (San Jose).

Most recently I was at Meta, leading the Marketing message experience team, building 0→1 AI-powered creative tools and working closely with PMs, engineers, and data scientists along the way.

Before that, I was at Walmart Marketplace leading the seller acquisition and communications team, designing the Seller Center homepage, onboarding, notifications, and the overall seller experience.

Earlier in my career I did a completely different kind of design: experiential and brand work. Different medium, same job: I've always been a designer.

Emma Gu

Marketing message liquidity

Marketing message liquidity Meta
+42.67%
CTR, multi-text vs single text
Marketing messages with multiple text variants performed 42.67% better in CTR than those with a single text option.
95%
MM delivery rate, end of project
Structural IA change meant primary text auto-powered MM, lifting delivery rate from near-zero to 95%.
Role
Lead Designer, Project Owner
Team
PM, Engineering, Data Science, Content Designer
Collaboration
Ads and Business Messaging alignment throughout

Before we dig in, what is MM?

Marketing messages (MM) are how businesses re-engage customers across Meta's messaging apps, primarily WhatsApp. This project focused on WhatsApp.

What They Are
  • A combination of media, text, and a call-to-action delivered as a single in-thread unit, alongside other business conversations.
  • Delivered directly in a personal thread between a business and a user, not in Feed, Stories, or other ad placements.
Key Distinctions From Ads
  • Opt-in required. Users must consent to be contacted by a business, no prospecting.
  • In-thread delivery. Sent chronologically in a personal thread, not a universal ad placement.
  • Business-initiated. Sent directly from the business to a user, unlike ads served per-user per-placement.
$1B+
Business today
$9.5B
2030 target, of $12.4B paid messaging
$5B+
Incremental opportunity by 2030
Marketing message example
Media
Headline
Primary Text
Call to Action
Quick Replies
Auto Reply

Buried, Then Silent

MM setup was buried in a separate modal experience under Creative, where advertisers configured text, Auto Reply, and Quick Replies together in one area, apart from the ad itself. As a result, most advertisers never finished setting it up, and the marketing message was never delivered at all.

Marketing messages are one-directional today. 60% of consumers read them once delivered, but only ~1% end up in a real conversation. Once a consumer messages back, the conversation just stops.

Source: MM delivery API
FINDING 01
Near 0% delivery
Most advertisers never finished the separate MM setup, so it was never sent at all.
FINDING 02
60% → 3.26%
60% of MMs are read, but almost no one replies. There's no partner on the other side to continue it.
FINDING 03
+11% CTR
MMs with deep conversations show 11% higher CTR, but conversations rarely happen.
Marketing message setup inside the ad creative flow
Ads Manager L1

Two Surfaces, Two Approaches

My first read was that this was a structural problem: MM setup lived in a separate, legacy experience, disconnected from the core ad flow. Moving it into Creative increases prominence and unlocks Gen AI and automation already built for ads, while preserving the nuances MM needs.

Before
Name · Identity · Setup
Destination
Creative
Ad setup
Media
Text
Enhancement
Marketing message setup
Suggested optimizations
Text
Auto reply
Advanced features
Quick replies
Advantage+ · Language · Tracking
After
Name · Identity · Setup
Destination
Creative
Ad + Marketing message setup
Media · Enhancement
Text
Ad text
Marketing message text
Advantage+ creative
Conversations new
Auto reply
Quick replies
Language · Tracking

Auto Reply and Quick Replies were configured inside Creative, a pre-publish flow, even though they only mattered post-publish. Most advertisers never found the automation setup at all.

Pre-publish, Creative

Where advertisers configure the marketing message before it goes live, a one-time setup before the campaign launches.

Post-publish, Conversations

Where automation lives. Auto Reply and Quick Replies only matter once a consumer replies, a response layer, independent of how the message was built.

1 · Creative

MM's primary text field now sits directly under the ad's, auto-filled from whatever advertisers already wrote for the ad.

2 · Gen AI

Surfaces MM-tailored best-practice variants based on what they entered, one click to swap in.

Now advertisers' mental model matched reality: setting up the marketing message was just part of one flow with the creative, not a separate step. But that alone didn't move CTR. The next question was how to actually improve CTR within that flow:

Bringing ads-level optimization to MM

Only 1.4% of advertisers customized their MM text, even though multi-text variants were already lifting CTR +16.33% on the ads side. The opportunity: extend that same lever to MM.

Ad text multi-text options
23%
of ads adopted
multi-text options
1.4%
of MM texts
were customized

We had to make it clear to advertisers what their selection would actually deliver for the marketing message, reused ad text or something written specifically for MM. To do that, we tested two options: progressive disclosure, where customizing stays tucked inside a dropdown, and full visibility, where reuse and customize sit side by side as soon as the section opens.

A/B Test: how visible should customization be?
Option A · Progressive disclosure

Looked safer: simpler, less clutter, but risked advertisers missing the option entirely.

Option A · Dropdown
27.8%
customization rate at 50% rollout
Option B · Full visibility

Risked feeling denser, but made customization impossible to miss.

Option B · Radio · Winner
32.4%
customization rate at 50% rollout

The option people could actually see, they used. Option B won.

Option A · Dropdown
27.8%
customization rate at 50% rollout
Option B · Radio · Winner
32.4%
customization rate at 50% rollout

The option people could actually see, they used. Option B won.

On top of what we changed for the primary text section, we also rebuilt Gen AI itself: instead of reusing ad copy, it now generates suggestions written specifically for MM.

Gen AI · Before
Gen AI · After

Rebuilt to suggest up to 5 MM-tailored variants at once, synthesized from ~17,000 real messages for what drives CTR in direct messaging vs. standard ads.

Bringing It Together

1
Default selected

Default, ad copy used for MM. If an advertiser does nothing, the MM text just mirrors the ad, so it's never blank.

2
Inherit selected

MM inherits all ad text variants, so any multi-text option already set up for the ad carries over automatically.

3
Customize selected

Gen AI surfaces 5 tailored variants, built specifically for MM rather than reused ad copy.


Getting Buy-In

Moving Auto Reply and Quick Replies out of Creative meant taking them out of a space Ads owned, into a new post-publish surface. That kind of structural change needed more than a good diagram. It needed both teams to agree the case was real.

Ads team and Business Messaging team saw it differently

During a platform rearchitecture, the Ads team proposed consolidating Conversations back into Creative. The Business Messaging team pushed back. Two different product philosophies.

Ads team's proposal vs Business Messaging team's proposal
Outcome

Chat Builder stayed at L1. The product-moment argument held over the platform-simplification argument.

1
Working session
Formalized the pre/post framework with Business Messaging's designer
2
Leadership presentation
Brought it to both Ads and Business Messaging leadership
3
Cross-team alignment
Both sides approved. The case was structural, not subjective

Message sent. But what happens when someone replies?

Building Chat Builder

Auto Reply and Quick Replies moved out of that pre-publish Creative setup entirely, into their own home: Chat Builder, at the same level as Creative. Built on Click-to-WhatsApp's existing pattern, so the mental model transferred directly.

A closer look at what's new inside Chat Builder itself:

Template Management

One click applies a saved automation setup. Chat Builder auto-saves every time you publish.

Automation Preview

Both automations shown inline before you publish.

Quick Replies

Buttons delivered with the MM. Tapping one sends that response instantly.

Auto Reply

Pre-filled by default so advertisers can publish immediately, no setup required.

Clicking Edit on Quick Replies opens its configuration modal. Here's what changed inside it:

Interactive Preview

Live, consumer-POV preview updates in real time while configuring.


The Gap

Setup Solved. Responding Wasn't.

Conversations solved discoverability. Advertisers could finally find and set up Quick Replies and Auto Reply, but most businesses still can't respond to every consumer message manually, at scale.

Managing replies manually isn't realistic, and most conversations were still dying unanswered.

A WhatsApp conversation left unanswered
Consumer replies:
24h free window opens
Business doesn't respond:
window closes
Conversations dies.
Opportunity lost
Strategy · North Star

Business AI Answers Conversations On Its Own

Conversations gave advertisers better tools to reply. Business AI removes the need for them to do it manually, inside the same free window, on the same setup surface they already use.

Replies for free, on its own
Answers every consumer reply inside the free 24-hour window.
Turn on once, works everywhere
One switch covers every campaign and message, learning over time.
Proven upside
Real back-and-forth conversations already lift CTR by 11%. Business AI makes that happen automatically, for everyone.
Business AI agent responding to conversations automatically
Ads Manager · Conversations AI, proposed

Shipped Together

+42.67%
CTR
Multiple body text variants vs. single text. The more variants advertisers add, the more the system tests, compounding the impact over time.
95%
Delivery rate
By the end of the project, up from near-zero once the structural IA fix shipped.
"Advertiser feedback confirmed setup was significantly easier, and many could configure automations immediately, without any guidance."

I owned design across both structural fixes, from IA to execution to the cross-team case for where automation belonged, partnering daily with PM, Engineering, Data Science, and the Ads and Business Messaging teams.

Let's Talk

Seller Center

Walmart
↑ 1200 bps
Landing Page NPS
Improvement in NPS score after launch
1600
Homepage Card CTR
Average clicks per day across homepage cards
↑ 82%
Promotion Adoption
Increase in WMP Capital Program adoption
Role
Lead Designer · Project Owner
Team
PM · Engineering · Content Designer

The platform powering Walmart's third-party sellers

Walmart Seller Center had no dedicated homepage. Sellers landed directly on the items page with no sense of context, priority, or what to do next. I led the end-to-end design of the first-ever homepage from scratch, from competitive analysis through to launch and design QA.

There was no homepage. Sellers had nowhere to start

Without a dedicated landing page, sellers went straight to the items page. Unrelated notifications appeared on this page to alert sellers, with no sense of priority or context. There was no homepage that could help sellers understand their business, complete tasks, or grow their store.

Before
"The website is lacking in general functionality related to the tasks needed each day."
"A lot of tasks are too manual to remember."
"We would like to have more complete information in one place."
"I hope there is a dashboard to tell new orders, return and refund requests, just an overview of my account."

Every major competitor was ahead

I audited Amazon, eBay, Etsy, and Shopify to understand what sellers experience elsewhere. All four had dedicated homepages with task guidance and growth features. Walmart had none of these, and was the only platform without a dismissible notification system or a promotions discovery surface.

Platform Guided tasks Contextual metrics Growth tips Lifecycle-aware
N/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/A

Defining what belongs on the homepage

I ran a content workshop with the product team to determine the essential requirements across three core areas: key business metrics, tasks, and growth. From there, we mapped each piece of content to the seller's lifecycle stage, whether they're onboarding for the first time or already an active seller, so the homepage surfaces the right information at the right moment.


Three pillars. One homepage.

A clear mission emerged from the research: the homepage should help sellers run their business, complete their tasks, and grow their store, in that order of urgency.

01
Run the Business
Surface the metrics that matter: revenue, orders, conversion, with context for trend, not just the number.
02
Complete Tasks
Prioritize pending actions by business impact. Turn the homepage into a daily triage layer.
03
Grow the Store
Offer contextual growth tips: promotions, listing health, programs, relevant to where sellers are in their lifecycle.

Mapping needs by lifecycle stage

A week-one seller and a three-year veteran need completely different things. I mapped the full journey to design an experience that adapts to where sellers are.


Exploring the layout

I explored several directions before converging on the final approach, testing how to balance metrics density with task clarity.

Initial homepage with three core sections

After several iterations, we developed the initial version of the homepage: a single layout organizing everything sellers need into three focused sections, To-dos, KPIs, and Promotions.

Testing comprehension: new design vs. original onboarding

We tested this first-round design using the PURE (Practical Usability Rating by Experts) method with 5 evaluators. To set a baseline, we first tested the original onboarding flow, then integrated that onboarding into the new homepage to see how the To-do section improved seller comprehension.

Original onboarding flow

The original onboarding prioritized the "Add Items" banner over the actual setup steps. Sellers were pushed toward listing products before completing essential account setup, causing confusion and drop-off.

New onboarding flow

By integrating onboarding into the To-do section, sellers could clearly see what setup steps remained, in the right order, with the right priority, without being distracted by promotions.

New design outperformed across every task

5 Evaluators
  • 2 Designers
  • 2 Products
  • 1 Researcher
User Mindset
  • Prospective Walmart Marketplace seller
  • Already sells on Amazon and eBay
Original onboarding 17
Become a Verified Seller 4
Add Payments 5
Review Status 3
Add Shipping Information 5
New onboarding 11
Become a Verified Seller 4
Add Payments 3
Review Status 2
Add Shipping Information 2
PURE score, lower is better. Teal = easy, yellow = moderate, red = difficult.

A homepage that knows who you are

The redesigned homepage brings together three focused sections in one scannable layout, adapting to each seller's stage and surfacing the right information at the right time.

TO-DOS
Action-first
Sellers can clearly see what needs to be done, ordered by urgency and business impact, so nothing falls through the cracks.
BUSINESS KPIs
Performance at a glance
Key metrics like revenue, orders, and conversion shown in context, with trend signals so sellers understand their business without digging.
PROMOTIONS
Contextual growth
Relevant programs and promotions surfaced based on where the seller is in their lifecycle, not one-size-fits-all banners.

A framework for what shows up and when

In collaboration with the Content Designer, we developed a framework to determine what content belongs on the homepage and where, including where seller alerts should be routed, how each module is prioritized, and when content appears or retires based on the seller's lifecycle stage.

Banner lifecycle

Promotional banners were a major pain point. They'd pile up, go stale, and drown out more important tasks. I designed a lifecycle system that controls how banners appear, surface, and expire.

What sellers said

"I LOVE the homepage you've created."
"Love the new homepage, I can even see new orders everyday!"
"It's really easy to work with."
"This is new and interesting. It's a good landing page."
"If we can have a checklist of the actions needed to keep the site at top shape, that will help."

Measurable impact across the board

↑ 1200 bps
Landing Page NPS
Improvement in NPS score
1600 /day
Homepage Card CTR
Average clicks per day across homepage cards
↑ 82%
Promo Adoption Rate
Increase in WMP Capital Program adoption
Let's Talk

Partnership Ad Parity

Partnership Ad Parity
5%
Eligible revenue unlocked
By enabling partnership ads for marketing messages, closing the one remaining gap in L1 ad-feature parity.
Role
Lead Designer, Project Owner
Team
PM, Engineering, Content Designer
Collaboration
WhatsApp design team
Partnership Ad design team

So, what's a partnership ad?

Partnership ad allow advertisers to run ads with partners: creators, brands, and other businesses. The advertiser and partner accounts are featured in the ad's header and the ads leverage signals from both accounts for improved ranking and incremental performance.

Dual header (Brand+Creator)
Single header (Brand only)
Single header (Creator only)

The One Gap Left

Right now, enabling a partnership ad during campaign creation means the Marketing Message (MM) simply doesn't send.

Our main objective is to unblock that 5% of eligible revenue, by enabling partnership ads for MM and bringing them to full feature parity with the rest of the ad creative experience for WhatsApp MM.

Partnership ad L1

Showing the Partnership

On the consumer side, we had to think through how a partnership ad would actually look inside an MM. Instagram and Facebook posts have their own dedicated header for surfacing a partner, but an MM lives directly inside a chat thread with the consumer, so we needed a different way to represent the partnership there.

Exploration

We ran several rounds of review with the WhatsApp, Partnership Ad, and MM XFN teams across a set of tag placement directions before settling on an approach.

Tag burned into the photo
Tag as a layer outside the media

The direction we landed on had to meet a few requirements:

Stays separate from the media a partner or advertiser actually submits, never composited into the photo or video pixels
Doesn't read as tappable or overly Instagram branded, since policy doesn't allow deep linking out to Instagram from the ad
Flattens into a single delivered image via ACO, rather than staying a separate live UI element

Three Options, XFN Reviewed

Once we landed on where the tag would sit, the next question was how much of the partner's identity to surface. We considered the following directions with the WhatsApp team before landing on the one that shipped.

Option 1
Creator's profile photo alone
Option 2
Photo with a small Instagram badge
Option 3
Instagram logo itself

We proposed Option 1, it won for two reasons:

Doesn't look tappable, so people won't mistake it for a link, consumers are only ever redirected to the destination URL either way
Says less about IG/FB's involvement than the other options, a fine tradeoff since the business is Meta Verified

Final Consumer Design

To display partnership ads in MM, we use image burn-in automated creative optimization (ACO) to embed the partnership tag directly within the media asset.

  • Appears as a long label beneath the media
  • Includes the partner's profile image, username, and the word "Partnership"
Partnership ad tag design
Partnership ad tag
Tag is part of the media

Design Deep Dive

More Examples

  • Background color automatically adapts to the media asset's color for optimal visibility
  • Text color, black or white, is selected based on the tag's background color for maximum readability

How does it apply across different formats?

Single image
Single video
Carousel image
Carousel video

What about long usernames?

The maximum username length is 30 characters for Instagram and 50 characters for Facebook. If a username exceeds the available space for the partnership ad tag due to media width constraints, it's truncated to fit within the media width. This keeps the tag visually consistent and prevents it from overflowing or disrupting the layout.

Long username handling
Long name handling
What's next, if the test lands
ACO was intentionally a fast first pass, not the end state. If it performs well, the plan is to go back and build a full, proper design with the WhatsApp team.

Introducing the New Capability

On the advertiser side, we updated copy throughout the flow to introduce partnership ads with MM as a new capability, and added an identities step with a live preview, so advertisers know exactly what they're publishing.

Turning Partnership Ads On

MM wasn't supported for partnership ads at all, it wasn't referenced or included anywhere on the partnership ad card. We updated the card's content to let advertisers know they can now set up partnership ads with MM.

Before
After

Choosing a Partner

Once turned on, advertisers choose an existing partnership or send a new request, same as before, but MM wasn't referenced here either. We updated the content to add MM, and added a WhatsApp Business Account (WABA) field, displayed under the Business Asset section of the identities card, so advertisers can see which number will send the MM before publishing.

Before
After

Selecting Identities

We added a WABA field under the Business Asset section, appearing under whichever identity the advertiser assigns it to, plus an MM preview alongside the existing Instagram and Facebook preview. Since no creative is chosen yet, it only shows the tag.

The same WABA info surfaces in the partner-selection table too

Updating Permissions

On the creator side, we updated the permission approval copy so creators understood what they were agreeing to now that partnership content could include MM, not just ads. Content was written in collaboration with a Content Designer and went through legal review.

Requesting New Permissions

"Partnership ad" is the term people already recognize, and a marketing message isn't technically an ad, so repeating both got long. We anchored the request around "partnership" as one concept instead.

Before
After

Reviewing Existing Permissions

Creators who'd already approved a partner needed a way to review the change, not just accept it blindly. Continue takes them to the updated terms, or they can jump straight to reviewing their approved partners.


Shipped Together

5%
Eligible revenue unblocked

This shipped as a lightweight first pass across advertiser, consumer, and creator surfaces, bringing partnership ads to full feature parity with the rest of the ad creative experience for WhatsApp MM.

I owned design across all three surfaces, from the consumer-facing tag to the advertiser and creator flow updates, partnering with PM, Engineering, Content Design, and Legal.

Let's Talk